Several studies have surfaced examining the affect vapour has on pulmonary cells since the particles can reach deep into the lungs.

Many studies have shown that vapour is less toxic than cigarette smoke although the toxicity depends on the dose and flavouring of the e-liquid.

The study published on Respiratory Research used calf lung surfactant extract and mimicked lung mechanics, while measuring its surface tension. The results showed that regardless of e-liquid flavouring, e-cigarette vapour did not affect the ability of surfactant to reduce surface tension. Conventional cigarettes, however, significantly inhibited the ability of surfactant to reduce surface tension – this is due to the tar which is absent in vaping.

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